Uses and Benefits of a Clay Mask

Clay masks are at-home or in-office skin treatments made from naturally occurring clay. They are thought to offer a variety of skin benefits depending on the type of clay.

People have used clay masks for centuries because of clay's therapeutic properties. Historical accounts include Aristotle using "healing clay" and Cleopatra maintaining her beauty by using wraps made with mud or clay from the Dead Sea.

While there is limited research on the effectiveness of using clay masks today, the studies available show positive results. Clay masks can potentially improve your skin's texture and tone, absorb oil, and help manage acne.

You do not need to apply a clay mask every day. Instead, use it once or twice a week to see results and minimize side effects like skin irritation. There are many types of clay masks, so it's important to choose the best one for your skin type and concerns.

Types of Clay Masks

Several types of clay can be used to create a clay mask, each with a different purpose. Some clays are better for reducing oil and breakouts, while others may soothe inflammation and redness.

Bentonite Clay

Bentonite clay, which is extremely absorbent, comes from volcanic ash and is formed when tiny glass particles break down. It's named after Fort Benton, Montana, where it was first discovered.

Today, the primary producers of bentonite clay in the United States are located in Wyoming, Montana, California, Arizona, and Colorado. This clay is also mined and produced in other countries, including Greece, Brazil, Argentina, and Canada.

While bentonite is popular in clay masks used on the skin, the absorbent material is also used for other purposes. For instance, bentonite is sometimes used to remove oil from fast food wastewater. Research has shown that bentonite clay can remove as much as 50-70% or more of its dry weight in oil. It can also remove seven times more oil than activated carbon, another absorbent agent.

For this reason, bentonite can be very drying when used in a clay mask. Bentonite also contains some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and can help heal breakouts. A bentonite clay mask may be helpful for oily skin types, but due to its extremely strong absorbency, it's not ideal for dry skin.

Kaolin Clay

Kaolin clay is a soft white clay named after the hill in China (Kao-ling), where it was first mined. This clay, popular in clay masks, is also used to make china, porcelain, and paper. A French Jesuit missionary imported the clay to Europe in the 1700s.

Kaolin clay masks are often used to control oiliness, or sebum, on the skin without excessively drying it. Kaolin can also extract impurities and may be beneficial for people with acne.

One study found that kaolin clay masks (and bentonite clay masks) reduced the appearance of skin flaws and decreased skin discomfort. The participants also had fewer breakouts. Typically, kaolin clay is considered a more mild clay than bentonite clay.

Although kaolin clay is typically white, it can come in different colors depending on additional ingredients. For instance, Australian pink clay—a form of kaolin clay suited for sensitive skin—is pink rather than white.

French Green Clay

French green clay, loosely referred to as a "healing clay," is a mineral-rich clay sourced from the coast of France. It gets its green color from decomposed plant matter. Like other clays, French green clay helps pull impurities from your skin’s pores. It may also help promote circulation.

While research on green clay is slim, one older study found that green clay can prohibit bacterial growth. The researchers noted that it could be used to treat Buruli ulcers (a chronic, necrotizing skin disease) as well as other skin conditions.

More research is needed to determine how green clay affects the body and the skin in particular.

Rhassoul Clay

Rhassoul clay, also called ghassoul clay or red clay, comes from Morocco. Derived from the Arabic word "ghasala," which means to wash, rhassoul clay has been used for centuries on skin and hair.

Proponents of the clay claim it's especially beneficial for sensitive and mature skin, improving texture and rejuvenating appearance. Some say rhassoul clay can fight acne, remove impurities, and improve skin elasticity. However, there is limited evidence of its uses and effectiveness.

One review of three very small case studies found that rhassoul clay was useful in treating skin breakdown in people with an ostomy (a surgical opening). For this reason, researchers suggest rhassoul clay may be an affordable way to protect the skin and act as a barrier for further breakdown.

How To Use

The method of applying a clay mask is usually the same for all clay types, whether you're using it to absorb excess oil, brighten skin, or remove excess buildup of makeup, dirt, and other impurities. However, some masks may differ in the duration and frequency of use.

Before applying the mask, read the instructions on the product packaging. The package should indicate how often to apply the clay mask, how long to leave it on, and the best method for removal.

Here are some general guidelines for applying a clay mask:

• Cleanse your face: Always apply a clay mask to a clean face so the clay's properties can better penetrate your skin. Apply a gentle, alcohol-free cleanser, using your fingertips to gently rub it into the skin in circular motions. Rinse with warm water and pat your skin dry with a towel.
• Apply the clay mask: Remove excess moisture from your skin, and apply the mask according to the package instructions. Start with a thin layer of clay and smooth it over your face. Use your ring finger to apply the mask, especially near your eyes, because it is your weakest finger and will be less likely to pull your skin. Some products may have an applicator, like a small brush or spatula.
• Allow the mask to dry: Once you have applied the mask in an even layer all over your face, wait for it to dry. Usually, this takes about 5-10 minutes. As it dries, the mask absorbs oils, dead skin, and impurities, improving the skin's texture. If you have dry skin, you may want to remove the mask sooner to avoid dryness and irritation.
• Remove the mask: Once 5-10 minutes have passed, rinse off the mask with warm water. Warm water is less drying than hot water, making it easier for your skin to absorb moisturizers.
• Apply a moisturizer: After completely removing the mask, rinse your face again and pat dry with a soft towel. Apply a moisturizer that suits your skin type. If your skin is dry, choose a moisturizer that contains hydrating ingredients, like ceramides or hyaluronic acid. If you have sensitive skin, you may want to avoid organic moisturizers. Sometimes the natural ingredients used in these products can irritate your skin or cause allergic reactions.

Typically, clay masks should be used once or twice a week. Applying them more than that could irritate or dry your skin.

If you experience any burning or irritation while using or after using a clay mask, remove it immediately and don't use it again before talking to a healthcare provider, like a dermatologist (a medical doctor specializing in skin health).

Safety and Side Effects

Most people can use a clay mask and not experience any issues, but it is possible to be allergic to the mask or to develop skin irritation—especially if you use it more frequently than recommended. People with dry or sensitive skin should be particularly careful when trying clay masks. They can be irritating or drying for some skin types.

Most dermatologists recommend testing new skin products on a small section of skin the first time you use them to ensure you don't have a reaction. Put a quarter-size amount of the product in the bend of your elbow and use it like you would on your face. Do this twice weekly for two weeks to see how your skin responds. If you don't develop a rash or irritation, you can try it on your face.

If you develop an irritation or the product makes your skin uncomfortable, wash it off and apply a cool compress. You can also try applying petroleum jelly to soothe your skin if needed. If these two approaches do not work, contact a dermatologist for an evaluation. They can provide ideas on how to manage your symptoms.

Choosing a Clay Mask

Choosing the right clay mask for your skin type is crucial for getting the results you're looking for without any irritation, sky dryness, or other issues. To do this, you need to know your skin type. Then, you need to consider your specific concerns and your goals.

Know Your Skin Type

When selecting a clay mask, start by considering your skin type. Most skin falls into one of these categories:

• Dry: The skin feels rough, itchy, or tight. There may be flakiness in certain areas. There is minimal oil or shine on the skin.
• Oily: The skin appears shiny. There is excess oil that continues to build throughout the day.
  
• Combination: Some areas of the face, such as the nose and cheeks, have oily skin, while others, such as the chin, have dry skin.
• Normal: The skin is clear and appears moisturized without being oily. It's not sensitive or easily irritated.
• Sensitive: The skin easily becomes red or irritated, especially after using certain products, and may feel like it's burning.

Once you know your skin type, look for a clay mask product that indicates it's best for your skin type. Kaolin clay tends to be gentle on the skin and may be appropriate for most skin types, including sensitive skin. Meanwhile, bentonite clay may be better suited for oily skin due to its intense oil-absorbing capabilities.

Consider Your Specific Concerns

Before using a clay mask, consider what skin concerns you have and how a clay mask might benefit or otherwise impact those issues. For instance, clay masks are usually helpful in managing acne when used alongside a skincare routine. However, a clay mask may not be a good choice if you have an infection or wound on your face.

If you have certain skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis, you should talk with your healthcare provider or dermatologist to determine if using a clay mask would be appropriate for you.

Determine Your Goals

After considering your skin type and skin condition, determine your goals for the mask.

If you have extremely oily skin and want to control oil, you may want to choose a bentonite clay mask. If your skin is dry, dull, and rough, you may opt for a kaolin clay mask, as this clay tends to be gentler on the skin. Other masks, like a French green clay mask, may be better for clearing blackheads and reducing acne.

Research the brand you are considering to ensure it's reputable, safe, and aligns with your goals. You can also ask a healthcare provider or dermatologist to recommend a quality clay mask product that can address your skin needs and concerns.

A Quick Review

Clay masks have been used for years to improve the appearance and texture of skin. Certain types of clay can absorb excess oil and remove dead skin cells and other impurities, leaving skin feeling smooth and clear.

If you are considering a clay mask, look for one that aligns with your skin type and goals. Talk to a healthcare provider or dermatologist for additional guidance on choosing a clay mask.